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If the flow is 100 GPM and your permeate flow is 80 GPM: 1 / (1-80%) = 5 To find the concentration factor: 1 / (1-75%) = 4 When considering a Mass Balance imbalance as described above it is helpful to know what the concentration factor is. To calculate the concentration factor for your system the calculation is:Įxample: if your feed flow is 100 GPM and your permeate flow is 75 GPM the recovery is (75/100) x 100 = 75%. In this example the concentrate conductivity is suspect as at a system recovery of 75% the concentration factor is 4 so with a feed conductivity of 1,000 µS the concentrate should be 4,000 µS instead of the 3,200 µS recorded. Typically, a 5% difference is acceptable but anything higher than 10% should not be considered acceptable. If we have the following data taken from our system: (Feed flow x Feed conductivity) = (Permeate Flow x Permeate conductivity) + (Concentrate Flow x Concentrate Conductivity)
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How do you know that your instrumentation is correct or out of calibration?įor simple mass balance calculation, you will need: The accuracy of system performance readings, pressures, conductivities, temperature and pH are dependent on the accuracy of your instrumentation. Using the 100 GPM feed, 75 GPM permeate 75% recovery example from our system recovery calculation the concentration calculation is: 1 / (1-75%) = 4 This means that your concentrate is 4 times more concentrated than your feed water. This calculation also comes in handy for Mass Balance calculations which we will get to next. This term and calculation is used in system design and is focused on the concentrate as it relates to system design and scale probability calculations prior to antiscalant dose calculations. Permeate Flow / Feed Flow X 100 = % Recovery Calculating in GPM or Metric units RO system recovery can be found with this formula: For example, if you have a 100 GPM feedwater flow and your concentrate flow is 25 GPM, this means that your system recovery is 75%. The higher the recovery the less concentrate to drain. This is the ratio of the system permeate vs. This term means the amount of water that your system is producing expressed in percent. Salt Rejection = (TDS Feed – TDS Product) / (TDS Feed) X 100Įxample: 1,000 ppm – 8 ppm / 1,000 X 100 = 99.2% salt rejection Logging system readings daily at a minimum is used to track the health of the membrane over time and combined with other operating data will be an indicator of when it is time to clean the RO system. Here is the calculation based on feed and permeate conductivities. The following are the minimum data points that are needed to perform RO system performance calculations:Ĭalculating salt rejection performance of the system will show the current performance and is important to log in daily operation records. To avoid “death by article length” I have trimmed down this offering. Yes, before “death by Power Point” there was “death by slide presentation”.
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However, I do still have the slides! There are about 220 slides filled with RO system design and trouble shooting calculations. It is probably in a landfill by now or an antique store somewhere. It was heavy to lug through airports! I don’t have the slide projector anymore. In review of this article it occurred to me that it was lacking some of the important calculation tools for those readers less familiar with RO system operation.įor those of you that have read my bio here on LinkedIn you know that I have been in the membrane industry for 37 years, which simply means that I am, shall we say, well- seasoned! In the 80's and 90’s when I was traveling espousing the virtues of membrane technology my presentations were made using the latest presentation technology a slide projector. As a follow-up to a previous article that I posted “RO System Trouble Shooting” October 24th, 2017.